EINDHOVEN, Netherlands — Europe needs to be “realistic” about its reliance on the rest of the world for technology, the chief executive of Europe’s largest technology company told POLITICO. Christophe Fouquet, CEO of Dutch chips giant ASML, tempered expectations about Europe’s drive to become technologically sovereign in an interview Wednesday following the release of the company’s annual results. “Everyone would have to find a balance between this huge claim for sovereignty … ‘we want everything to be done in our country’ … and the reality, which is: this is a fairly spread ecosystem, with key elements in different places,” Fouquet said.  “Everyone should be realistic on what it takes and how long it may take,” he said, adding that there will always be a “need” to import key parts of technology supply chains from abroad.  As the company that designs and builds the world’s most advanced machines for making semiconductors, ASML is not only a major economic asset but also gives Europe a rare point of leverage and resilience in the geopolitically sensitive chips industry. While Wednesday’s better-than-expected financial results sent the company’s stock soaring, ASML also said it would cut 1,700 jobs to “streamline” its organization.  Fouquet’s remarks follow growing calls in Brussels to reduce Europe’s heavy reliance on foreign technology, amid strained EU-U.S. ties and concerns about China.  On Monday, the European Commission’s tech chief Henna Virkkunen told POLITICO in an interview that Europe’s dependencies “can be weaponized against us” and urged the continent not to be dependent on “one country or one company.” She pointed to chips as the area where she saw the biggest need for Europe to break away from foreign reliance. Asked about the ongoing U.S.-EU tensions and the continuous threat of tariffs, Fouquet on Wednesday labeled those as “a lot of noise.”  He cited Nexperia, a Dutch-based yet Chinese-owned chipmaker that has been the subject of a recent geopolitical fight, as the latest example of “the interdependencies between the different blocs.” The ASML boss had another warning for Brussels’ ambitions to boost homegrown technology, arguing the EU needs to dial back its regulatory environment further than it has to date. Europe needs to make deeper regulatory cuts to get more promising companies, Fouquet said — citing the example of French artificial intelligence frontrunner Mistral, in which ASML last year invested €1.3 billion. Both ASML and Mistral signed a letter in July last year advocating for a pause to key parts of the bloc’s artificial intelligence law, a suggestion that the EU’s executive picked up in its first digital simplification package, presented in November.  That simplification package is already an “improvement” but more is needed, Fouquet said.  “You cannot make things very complicated, and then simplify it a bit and be proud of it,” he said.  Europe needs to create the conditions for companies “to grow without being annoyed by regulations,” he said. 

BRUSSELS — The geopolitical war around Dutch-based, yet Chinese-owned, chip supplier Nexperia is terrifying Europe’s carmakers that they’ll be hammered by a chip shortage that could wreak havoc with supply chains and shutter production lines. The car industry’s supply of crucial chips from Nexperia is dwindling just weeks after the Dutch government seized control of Nexperia and both the U.S. and China imposed export controls on the company.  “We will see production stops and slowdowns in short order globally because a lot of suppliers don’t have the depth of stock of the chips,” said a senior automotive official who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the issue’s sensitivity. “The auto sector is at the heart of the storm.”  Nexperia chips are used throughout the automotive value chain in everything from airbags to entertainment systems. The shortage threatens a replay of 2022, when pandemic-era microchip shortages similarly brought car plants to a halt. Yet automakers have done little to shore up their supply chains against geopolitical shifts, and an EU plan to reshore some chip manufacturing is falling far short of its targets.  The Dutch-based chipmaker warned its customers of an “unforeseen development that may affect the availability of certain products,” according to a force majeure declaration issued on Oct. 9, reported on by several media and seen by POLITICO.  The notice lit a fire under automakers and their suppliers to get their hands on any available chips, provoking a run on the materials. “It’s like the pandemic when people went on toilet paper buying sprees,” said a second auto industry insider. TOP OF THE LIST Following the 2022 shortage, the EU passed the Chips Act to alleviate the sector’s dangerous reliance on other regions for advanced or “mature” chips. Fast forward three years, and seemingly not much has changed.  This time, mayhem kicked off when the Dutch government decided at the end of September to invoke a 1952 national law to seize control of Nexperia, which was acquired by Chinese company Wingtech in 2019. The Dutch government feared that Nexperia’s CEO, who founded Wingtech, was transferring the chipmaker’s technology and production assets out of the country. Its decision came a day after the U.S. extended export controls on Wingtech to its subsidiary Nexperia. Four days after the Dutch seized control of Nexperia, the Chinese Commerce Ministry imposed export controls on Nexperia China, prohibiting the export of components manufactured in China.  Chips are ubiquitously used in modern manufacturing, driving the green and digital transition. While Nexperia’s chips are not the most advanced ones, they are critical to automakers: A traditional car contains up to 500 of the company’s chips — an electric vehicle as many as 1,000. China’s export clampdown on the chips, coupled with its control of rare-earth magnets — an equally important vehicle component — have sent the Nexperia crisis to the top of Brussels’ list of priorities. “The issue of chips is one of big importance, for many aspects of our policy, most notably the energy transition,” European Commission chief spokesperson Paula Pinho said on Monday. She added that Industry Commissioner Stéphane Séjourné raised the issue in a meeting with industry leaders on the same day, “to hear from the companies whether there are shortages.”  The companies’ input fed into a call between EU trade chief Maroš Šefčovič and his Chinese counterpart Wang Wentao on Tuesday. Next up is an anticipated visit by Chinese officials to the EU to discuss the export controls. Companies have already begun publicly discussing the potential impact of what’s happening at Nexperia.  Car lobby group ACEA said last week that it was “deeply concerned by potential significant disruption” to manufacturing if there was no quick resolution of the interruption of Nexperia’s supply of chips.  The group argued that the chips coming from Nexperia could be sourced elsewhere, but shifting would take longer than the current stock of Nexperia chips would last.  Volkswagen has warned its workers that potential production stoppages are imminent, German outlet Bild reported.  “Nexperia is not a direct supplier of the Volkswagen Group. However, some Nexperia parts are used in our vehicle components, which are supplied to us by our direct suppliers,” a VW spokesperson told POLITICO. “At this time, our production is unaffected. However, given the evolving circumstances, short-term effects on production cannot be ruled out.” SECOND CHIPS ACT The Nexperia case and possible shortages have put the EU’s dangerous microchip reliance back on the political map.  The European Commission announced this week that it plans to introduce a second Chips Act in the first quarter of next year, following a scheduled review due by September 2026.  Currently, the bloc is nowhere close to reaching the goal of the first Chips Act, which was to boost the bloc’s market share in the global microchips value chain to 20 per cent by 2030 — about double its current share.  Both lawmakers and EU countries want a second Chips Act.  “The European Chips Act 2.0 is in the making. But the Nexperia case shows the time is short,” Herman Quarles van Ufford, senior policy fellow at the European Council for Foreign Relations, said in a blog post on Wednesday.

President Donald Trump on Friday said the U.S. government had reached a deal to take a 10 percent equity stake in the chipmaker Intel, worth approximately $10 billion. “I said, I think it would be good having the United States as your partner,” Trump said Friday at the White House. “[CEO Lip-Bu Tan] agreed, and they’ve agreed to do it.” Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick confirmed the deal in a post on X on Friday: “BIG NEWS: The United States of America now owns 10% of Intel, one of our great American technology companies.” Intel posted details of the plan soon afterward, saying the administration would make an $8.9 billion investment in Intel common stock, paid for with the CHIPS grant money. The company said the stake would be funded with $5.7 billion in grants previously awarded but not yet paid, and $3.2 billion from a separate Defense Department program. It said the Trump administration will take “passive ownership, with no Board representation or other governance or information rights.” “We are grateful for the confidence the President and the Administration have placed in Intel, and we look forward to working to advance U.S. technology and manufacturing leadership,” Tan said in a statement. The deal appears to rewrite the terms of the 2022 CHIPS and Science Act, under which Intel received $10.9 billion in grants to boost American chipmaking. The unusual deal drew scattered criticism from Republicans who saw it as violating free-market principles. “I don’t care if it’s a dollar or a billion dollar stake in an American company, that starts feeling like a semi-state owned enterprise, à la [the Chinese Communist Party],” said Sen. Thom Tillis (N.C.), in comments that surfaced Friday. “You’re going to have to explain to me how this reconciles with free-market capitalism.” Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) also publicly criticized the plan this week. Intel, which has struggled to compete against its global chipmaking rivals, was the largest recipient of CHIPS Act funds. Its continued business problems, as well as Congressional inquiries into CEO Lip-Bu Tan’s ties to Chinese industry, gave Trump an opening to attack the CEO on social media, and pull him into in-person negotiations. The Trump administration has been taking a heavier hand in the microchip industry overall, including a deal to let Nvidia and AMD export high-tech chips to China in exchange for paying Washington 15 percent of their revenues. As with the Intel investment, it’s unclear how the government would administer the novel arrangement. On Friday, several Democratic legislators introduced a bill to limit Trump’s ability to change policy on high-tech national security without consulting Congress, but without Republican support, it’s unlikely to move further.